NDB (Non-Directional Beacon)
التعريف
A ground-based radio transmitter that broadcasts a signal in all directions, used by aircraft for navigation with an ADF (Automatic Direction Finder) receiver. Being phased out in favor of GPS.
مصطلحات ذات صلة
VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range)
A ground-based radio navigation system that provides aircraft with bearing information relative to the station. VOR stations form the backbone of the airway system in many countries.
ILS (Instrument Landing System)
A precision approach system that provides lateral and vertical guidance to aircraft during approach and landing in low-visibility conditions. Consists of a localizer and glideslope.
Waypoint
A predetermined geographical position defined by latitude/longitude coordinates, used for navigation and flight planning. Waypoints are identified by five-letter names (e.g., TIGER, SHARK).