مسرد مصطلحات الطيران

255

255 مصطلح عبر 12 فئات

البنية التحتية للمطار 25 رموز المطارات وتصنيفها 18 الملاحة والمجال الجوي 22 عمليات الطيران 22 تجربة المسافر 22 عمليات شركات الطيران 20 الطائرات والهندسة 24 أرصاد الطيران 18 السلامة واللوائح 22 مراقبة الحركة الجوية 20 تخطيط السفر 22 جغرافيا الطيران 20

البنية التحتية للمطار (25)

إضاءة المطارات (AGL: Airfield Lighting)

The system of lights on runways, taxiways, and aprons that guide aircraft during low visibility

محطة إطفاء المطار (ARFF: Airport Fire Station)

Airport Rescue and Firefighting facility providing emergency response for aircraft incidents

ساحة (Apron)

The area of an airport where aircraft are parked, loaded, fueled, and boarded

نظام التعامل مع الأمتعة (BHS: Baggage Handling System)

The network of conveyors and sorting equipment that moves luggage within an airport

سياج الانفجار (Blast Fence)

A barrier designed to redirect jet engine exhaust away from people and structures on the apron

محطة الشحن (Cargo Terminal)

A specialized airport facility for handling freight and mail shipments

كونكورس (Concourse)

A section of a terminal containing gates for aircraft boarding and deplaning

برج المراقبة (TWR: Control Tower)

The facility at an airport from which air traffic controllers direct aircraft movements

وسادة إزالة الجليد (De-Icing Pad)

A designated area where aircraft are treated with de-icing fluid before takeoff in cold weather

عتبة النازحين (Displaced Threshold)

A threshold not located at the beginning of the full-strength runway surface

مشغل قاعدة ثابتة (FBO: Fixed-Base Operator)

A commercial business granted the right to operate at an airport providing aeronautical services

مزرعة الوقود (Fuel Farm)

An airport facility that stores and distributes aviation fuel to aircraft

بوابة (Gate)

A designated area at an airport where passengers board and deplane aircraft

حظيرة (Hangar)

An enclosed building structure to hold aircraft for maintenance or storage

خليج القابضة (Holding Bay)

A designated area near the runway where aircraft wait before receiving takeoff clearance

هوائي المترجم ILS (LOC: ILS Localizer Antenna)

A ground-based radio transmitter providing horizontal guidance for precision approaches

جسر جيت (Jet Bridge)

An enclosed, movable connector between an airport terminal gate and an aircraft door

PAPI (PAPI)

Precision Approach Path Indicator — a visual aid providing glidepath guidance during approach

المدرج (RWY: Runway)

A defined rectangular surface on an airport prepared for aircraft takeoff and landing

منطقة السلامة في نهاية المدرج (RESA: Runway End Safety Area)

An area beyond the runway end intended to reduce risk of damage to aircraft undershooting or overrunning

عتبة المدرج (Runway Threshold)

The beginning of the usable portion of a runway for landing

توقف (SWY: Stopway)

An area beyond the takeoff runway designated for decelerating an aircraft during an aborted takeoff

تاكسي (TWY: Taxiway)

A defined path on an airport for aircraft to travel between runways and aprons

صالة المطار (Terminal)

A building at an airport where passengers transfer between ground and air transportation

جورب الرياح (Windsock)

A conical textile tube mounted on an airport that indicates wind direction and approximate speed

رموز المطارات وتصنيفها (18)

فئة المطار (Airport Category)

The classification system used to categorize airports by size, traffic, and facilities

ارتفاع المطار (ELEV: Airport Elevation)

The highest point of an airport's usable landing area measured above mean sea level

النقطة المرجعية للمطار (ARP: Airport Reference Point)

The designated geographical center of an airport used for identification and coordination

معرف موقع FAA (FAA LID: FAA Location Identifier)

A 3-4 character identifier used by the FAA for airports and navigation aids in the US

مدينة التركيز (Focus City)

An airport where an airline operates significant point-to-point service without full hub operations

مطار الطيران العام (GA: General Aviation Airport)

An airport primarily serving non-scheduled and private aircraft operations

مهبط طائرات الهليكوبتر (Heliport)

An area of land or a structure used for helicopter takeoff, landing, and parking

مطار المحور (Hub Airport)

An airport that serves as a transfer point for connecting flights, typically for one or more airlines

رمز اتحاد النقل الجوي الدولي (IATA: IATA Code)

A three-letter code assigned by IATA to identify airports worldwide

كود منظمة الطيران المدني الدولي (ICAO: ICAO Code)

A four-character alphanumeric code assigned by ICAO for airports and airfields

المطار الدولي (International Airport)

An airport with customs and immigration facilities that handles international flights

مطار كبير (Large Airport)

An airport with substantial scheduled airline operations and high passenger volume

مطار متوسط (Medium Airport)

An airport with moderate levels of commercial and general aviation activity

مطار المخلص (Reliever Airport)

An airport designated to reduce congestion at a major commercial airport

الخدمة المجدولة (Scheduled Service)

Regularly operated commercial flights that run on published timetables

قاعدة الطائرة المائية (Seaplane Base)

A facility on water for the takeoff, landing, and servicing of seaplanes and amphibious aircraft

مطار يتم التحكم فيه عبر الفتحات (Slot-Controlled Airport)

An airport where takeoff and landing slots are allocated to airlines due to capacity constraints

مطار صغير (Small Airport)

An airport with limited aviation activity, often serving general aviation

عمليات الطيران (22)

كتلة الوقود (Block Fuel)

The total fuel required for a flight from engine start to engine shutdown

وقت الحظر (Block Time)

The total time from gate departure to gate arrival, including taxiing and airborne time

الصعود (Climb)

The phase of flight where an aircraft gains altitude after takeoff

هبوط الرياح المتقاطعة (Crosswind Landing)

A landing technique used when wind blows perpendicular to the runway direction

الطيران الأفقي (Cruise)

The phase of flight at a relatively constant altitude and speed between climb and descent

الهبوط (Descent)

The phase of flight where an aircraft reduces altitude as it approaches the destination

تحويل المسار (Diversion)

A change in route to land at an airport other than the intended destination

ETOPS (ETOPS)

Extended-range Twin-engine Operations — rules governing how far twin-engine aircraft can fly from airports

رحلة العبارة (Ferry Flight)

A non-revenue flight for repositioning an aircraft to another airport

مناورة الهبوط (Flare)

A pitch-up maneuver performed just before touchdown to reduce descent rate

خطة الطيران (FPL: Flight Plan)

A document filed with air traffic control detailing the intended route, altitude, and timing of a flight

إعادة المحاولة (Go-Around)

An aborted landing where the aircraft applies full power and climbs away from the runway

طريق الدائرة الكبرى (GCR: Great Circle Route)

The shortest path between two points on the Earth's surface, commonly used in long-haul aviation

نمط الانتظار (Holding Pattern)

A racetrack-shaped flight path used to delay an aircraft's approach to an airport

الهبوط (Landing)

The final phase of flight where an aircraft descends to the runway surface

تحديد المواقع الطيران (Positioning Flight)

A flight to move crew or aircraft to a location needed for operational purposes

خط الرامب (Rhumb Line)

A path crossing all meridians at the same angle, appearing straight on a Mercator projection

الدوران (الواقع الافتراضي) (Vr: Rotation (Vr))

The speed at which the pilot pulls back on the controls to lift the aircraft's nose during takeoff

الإقلاع (Takeoff)

The phase of flight in which an aircraft accelerates and becomes airborne

توقف فني (Technical Stop)

An intermediate landing for refueling or maintenance rather than passenger purposes

وقت التحول (Turnaround Time)

The time required to unload, service, and reload an aircraft between arrival and departure

وقت رفع العجلات (Wheels-Up Time)

The moment an aircraft lifts off the runway and becomes fully airborne

تجربة المسافر (22)

صالة المطار (Airport Lounge)

A premium waiting area offering comfortable seating, food, drinks, and amenities

التحكم الآلي في جوازات السفر (APC: Automated Passport Control)

Self-service kiosks that expedite immigration processing for eligible passengers

المطالبة بالأمتعة (Baggage Claim)

The area in an airport where arriving passengers collect their checked luggage

الصعود (Boarding)

The process of passengers entering the aircraft before departure

بطاقة الصعود إلى الطائرة (Boarding Pass)

A document providing authorization to board an aircraft for a specific flight

حمل الأمتعة (Carry-On Baggage)

Luggage small enough to be stowed in the overhead bin or under the seat

الأمتعة المسجلة (Checked Baggage)

Luggage surrendered at check-in to be transported in the aircraft's cargo hold

تسجيل الوصول (Check-In)

The process of confirming a passenger's presence and obtaining a boarding pass

الجمارك (Customs)

Government checkpoints where goods brought into a country are inspected and duties assessed

رفض الصعود (Denied Boarding)

When a passenger with a confirmed reservation is not allowed to board due to overbooking

التسوق المعفى من الرسوم الجمركية (Duty-Free Shopping)

Retail outlets in international departure areas exempt from local taxes and duties

الدخول العالمي (Global Entry)

A US Customs program for expedited clearance for pre-approved, low-risk travelers

الهجرة (Immigration)

Border control points where passports and visas are checked for international arrivals

الحد الأدنى لوقت الاتصال (MCT: Minimum Connection Time)

The shortest allowed time between connecting flights at a specific airport

البيع الزائد (الحجز الزائد) (Oversale (Overbooking))

The airline practice of selling more tickets than available seats to account for no-shows

سجل أسماء الركاب (PNR: Passenger Name Record)

A record in the airline reservation system containing passenger itinerary and contact information

التخليص المسبق (Pre-Clearance)

US customs and immigration processing completed at a foreign airport before departure

أولوية الصعود (Priority Boarding)

Early aircraft boarding privilege given to premium class passengers or loyalty program members

الفحص الأمني (Security Screening)

The process of checking passengers and baggage for prohibited items before entering secure areas

نقل (Transfer)

Changing from one flight to another at a connecting airport

العبور (الجانب الجوي) (Transit (Airside))

Remaining in the secure area of an airport between connecting flights without passing through immigration

قاصر غير مصحوب (UM: Unaccompanied Minor)

A child traveling without an adult passenger who receives special airline supervision

عمليات شركات الطيران (20)

تحالف شركات الطيران (Airline Alliance)

A partnership of airlines that cooperate on routes, frequent flyer programs, and lounge access

كيلومتر المقعد المتاح (ASK: Available Seat Kilometer)

The total passenger capacity of an airline measured in seats multiplied by distance flown

طيران شارتر (Charter Airline)

An airline that operates flights booked by travel agencies or tour operators rather than scheduled services

المشاركة بالرمز (Codeshare)

An agreement where two or more airlines share the same flight under different flight numbers

الإيجار الجاف (Dry Lease)

An aircraft lease providing only the aircraft, without crew or operational support

الخطوط الجوية المغذية (Feeder Airline)

A regional airline that transports passengers to and from a larger carrier's hub

حامل العلم (Flag Carrier)

An airline that is designated to represent and carry the flag of its home country

حقوق مكتسبة (Grandfather Rights)

The principle allowing airlines to retain airport slots based on historical usage

نموذج المحور والتحدث (Hub-and-Spoke Model)

An airline network model routing most flights through a central hub airport

اتفاقية إنترلاين (Interline Agreement)

An agreement allowing passengers to use a single ticket for journeys involving multiple airlines

عامل التحميل (LF: Load Factor)

The percentage of available seats on an aircraft that are filled with passengers

الناقل منخفض التكلفة (LCC: Low-Cost Carrier)

An airline operating with a lower cost structure and offering lower fares than full-service carriers

oneworld

A global airline alliance founded in 1999, members include American Airlines, British Airways, Qantas

نموذج من نقطة إلى نقطة (Point-to-Point Model)

An airline network model where flights connect cities directly without routing through a hub

إيرادات الركاب بالكيلومتر (RPK: Revenue Passenger Kilometer)

A measure of airline traffic calculated as passengers carried multiplied by distance flown

فتحة (فتحة المطار) (Slot (Airport Slot))

A scheduled time allocation for an airline to use airport infrastructure for takeoff or landing

Star Alliance

The world's largest airline alliance founded in 1997, members include United, Lufthansa, ANA

الناقل منخفض التكلفة للغاية (ULCC: Ultra-Low-Cost Carrier)

An airline with the most stripped-down fares, charging separately for nearly all services

الإيجار الرطب (Wet Lease)

An aircraft lease that includes the aircraft, crew, maintenance, and insurance (ACMI)

العائد (Yield)

Average revenue per passenger-kilometer, a key airline profitability metric

الطائرات والهندسة (24)

وحدة الطاقة المساعدة (APU: Auxiliary Power Unit)

A small engine on the aircraft that provides electrical power and air conditioning on the ground

الكترونيات الطيران (Avionics)

The electronic systems used in aircraft including navigation, communication, and flight management

هواء ينزف (Bleed Air)

Compressed air extracted from the jet engine compressor used for cabin pressurization and de-icing

المواد المركبة (Composite Materials)

Advanced lightweight materials (carbon fiber, fiberglass) used in modern aircraft construction

الذيل (قسم الذيل) (Empennage (Tail Section))

The tail assembly of an aircraft including horizontal stabilizer, vertical fin, and control surfaces

تصنيف إتوبس (ETOPS Rating)

The certified maximum time a twin-engine aircraft may fly from a suitable diversion airport

نظام إدارة الطيران (FMS: Flight Management System)

A computer system that automates navigation, performance optimization, and flight planning

يطير بالسلك (FBW: Fly-By-Wire)

A system replacing manual flight controls with electronic signals sent to actuators

جسم الطائرة (Fuselage)

The main body structure of an aircraft that holds crew, passengers, and cargo

معدات الهبوط (Landing Gear)

The undercarriage system of wheels, struts, and brakes supporting the aircraft on the ground

رقم ماخ (M: Mach Number)

The ratio of the aircraft's speed to the speed of sound in the surrounding atmosphere

الحد الأقصى لوزن الإقلاع (MTOW: Maximum Takeoff Weight)

The maximum weight at which the pilot is allowed to attempt takeoff

الطائرات ذات الجسم الضيق (Narrow-Body Aircraft)

A single-aisle aircraft typically seating 100-240 passengers for short/medium-haul flights

الضغط (Pressurization)

The process of maintaining a safe atmospheric pressure inside the aircraft cabin at high altitudes

المدى (الطائرات) (Range (Aircraft))

The maximum distance an aircraft can fly without refueling

جيت الإقليمية (RJ: Regional Jet)

A small jet aircraft typically seating 50-100 passengers for short-haul routes

سقف الخدمة (Service Ceiling)

The maximum altitude at which an aircraft can sustain a specified rate of climb

سرعة المماطلة (Vs: Stall Speed)

The minimum speed at which an aircraft can maintain level flight

نظام تجنب الاصطدام المروري (TCAS: Traffic Collision Avoidance System)

An airborne system that detects other transponder-equipped aircraft and provides resolution advisories

محرك توربيني (Turbofan Engine)

A jet engine that uses a ducted fan to produce thrust, the most common type on commercial aircraft

محرك توربيني (Turboprop)

An aircraft powered by a gas turbine engine driving a propeller, efficient at lower speeds

محرك توربيني (Turboshaft Engine)

A gas turbine engine optimized to produce shaft power, primarily used in helicopters

الطائرات ذات الجسم العريض (Wide-Body Aircraft)

A twin-aisle aircraft typically seating 200-600 passengers for medium/long-haul flights

الجنيح (Winglet)

A vertical or angled extension at the tip of an aircraft wing that reduces drag

أرصاد الطيران (18)

قاعدة السحب (Ceiling)

The height of the lowest layer of clouds covering more than half the sky

اضطراب الهواء الصافي (CAT: Clear Air Turbulence)

Turbulence occurring in cloudless areas, often near jet streams, invisible to radar

الرياح المتقاطعة (Crosswind)

A wind blowing perpendicular to the direction of travel or runway alignment

ضباب (Fog)

Visibility-reducing water droplets suspended near the surface, a major cause of airport delays

الرياح المعاكسة (Headwind)

A wind blowing directly opposite to the direction of aircraft travel, reducing ground speed

تكوّن الجليد (Icing)

The accumulation of ice on aircraft surfaces during flight through supercooled water droplets

جيت ستريم (Jet Stream)

A narrow band of strong winds (100-200 kt) at high altitudes affecting flight times and routing

METAR (METAR)

Aviation Routine Weather Report — a standardized format for reporting current weather conditions

تقرير الطيار (PIREP: Pilot Report)

An in-flight weather report provided by a pilot describing actual conditions encountered

QNH (QNH)

The atmospheric pressure adjusted to mean sea level, used for altimeter setting

SIGMET (SIGMET)

Significant Meteorological Information — a warning of severe weather hazardous to all aircraft

الريح الخلفية (Tailwind)

A wind blowing in the same direction as the aircraft's travel, increasing ground speed

تنبؤ المطار الطرفي (TAF: Terminal Aerodrome Forecast)

A weather forecast for the area around an airport, typically covering a 24-30 hour period

عاصفة رعدية (مزن ركامي) (CB: Thunderstorm (Cumulonimbus))

A convective weather system producing lightning, turbulence, hail, and heavy precipitation

الاضطراب (Turbulence)

Irregular atmospheric motion causing sudden changes in an aircraft's altitude or attitude

الرؤية (VIS: Visibility)

The greatest distance at which prominent objects can be identified with the unaided eye

سحابة الرماد البركاني (Volcanic Ash Cloud)

Fine rock particles from volcanic eruptions that can damage jet engines and aircraft systems

قص الرياح (Wind Shear)

A sudden change in wind speed or direction over a short distance, hazardous during takeoff and landing

السلامة واللوائح (22)

شهادة صلاحية الطيران (Airworthiness Certificate)

An official document certifying that an aircraft meets safety standards and is fit to fly

ضربة الطيور (Bird Strike)

A collision between an airborne animal and an aircraft, posing risk to engines and windscreens

الصندوق الأسود (مسجل الرحلة) (FDR/CVR: Black Box (Flight Recorder))

The flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder that capture flight parameters and audio

طيران متحكم فيه إلى التضاريس (CFIT: Controlled Flight Into Terrain)

An accident where an airworthy aircraft is flown into terrain, water, or an obstacle

إدارة موارد الطاقم (CRM: Crew Resource Management)

Training methodology that improves teamwork, communication, and decision-making among flight crew

الإخلاء في حالات الطوارئ (Emergency Evacuation)

The rapid deployment of passengers from an aircraft via emergency exits and slides

مخرج الطوارئ (Emergency Exit)

A specially designed door or window on an aircraft that can be opened quickly for evacuation

تعزيز GPWS (EGPWS: Enhanced GPWS)

An advanced terrain awareness system combining GPS data with a terrain database

وكالة سلامة الطيران التابعة للاتحاد الأوروبي (EASA: European Union Aviation Safety Agency)

The EU agency responsible for civil aviation safety regulation

إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية (FAA: Federal Aviation Administration)

The US government agency responsible for regulating civil aviation

نظام إخماد الحرائق (Fire Suppression System)

Aircraft systems designed to detect and extinguish fires in engines, cargo holds, and lavatories

نظام تحذير القرب من الأرض (GPWS: Ground Proximity Warning System)

An aircraft system that alerts pilots when the aircraft is in dangerous proximity to terrain

الاتحاد الدولي للنقل الجوي (IATA: International Air Transport Association)

The trade association representing airlines worldwide, managing codes and standards

منظمة الطيران المدني الدولي (ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization)

The UN specialized agency managing international civil aviation standards and regulations

سترة النجاة (Life Vest)

A personal flotation device stored under each aircraft seat for use in water emergencies

MAYDAY

The international distress signal indicating grave and imminent danger requiring immediate assistance

إشعار للبعثات الجوية (NOTAM: Notice to Air Missions)

A notice filed with aviation authorities to alert pilots of hazards or changes along a flight route

PAN-PAN

The international urgency signal indicating a condition requiring assistance but not immediate danger

اقتحام المدرج (Runway Incursion)

Any occurrence involving unauthorized presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on a runway

نظام إدارة السلامة (SMS: Safety Management System)

A systematic approach to managing aviation safety including organizational structures and policies

إدارة أمن النقل (TSA: Transportation Security Administration)

The US agency responsible for security of transportation systems, particularly airports

ويك الاضطراب (Wake Turbulence)

Air disturbance caused by an aircraft's wingtip vortices, hazardous to following aircraft