Glossário de Aviação
255255 termos em 12 categorias
Infraestrutura aeroportuária (25)
Iluminação de aeródromo (AGL: Airfield Lighting)
The system of lights on runways, taxiways, and aprons that guide aircraft during low visibility
Corpo de Bombeiros do Aeroporto (ARFF: Airport Fire Station)
Airport Rescue and Firefighting facility providing emergency response for aircraft incidents
Avental (Apron)
The area of an airport where aircraft are parked, loaded, fueled, and boarded
Sistema de manuseio de bagagem (BHS: Baggage Handling System)
The network of conveyors and sorting equipment that moves luggage within an airport
Cerca Explosiva (Blast Fence)
A barrier designed to redirect jet engine exhaust away from people and structures on the apron
Terminal de Carga (Cargo Terminal)
A specialized airport facility for handling freight and mail shipments
Saguão de embarque (Concourse)
A section of a terminal containing gates for aircraft boarding and deplaning
Torre de Controle (TWR: Control Tower)
The facility at an airport from which air traffic controllers direct aircraft movements
Almofada de descongelamento (De-Icing Pad)
A designated area where aircraft are treated with de-icing fluid before takeoff in cold weather
Limiar deslocado (Displaced Threshold)
A threshold not located at the beginning of the full-strength runway surface
Operador de Base Fixa (FBO: Fixed-Base Operator)
A commercial business granted the right to operate at an airport providing aeronautical services
Fazenda de Combustível (Fuel Farm)
An airport facility that stores and distributes aviation fuel to aircraft
Portão (Gate)
A designated area at an airport where passengers board and deplane aircraft
Hangar de aeronaves (Hangar)
An enclosed building structure to hold aircraft for maintenance or storage
Baía de retenção (Holding Bay)
A designated area near the runway where aircraft wait before receiving takeoff clearance
Antena localizadora ILS (LOC: ILS Localizer Antenna)
A ground-based radio transmitter providing horizontal guidance for precision approaches
Ponte a Jato (Jet Bridge)
An enclosed, movable connector between an airport terminal gate and an aircraft door
PAPI (PAPI)
Precision Approach Path Indicator — a visual aid providing glidepath guidance during approach
Pista (RWY: Runway)
A defined rectangular surface on an airport prepared for aircraft takeoff and landing
Área de segurança no final da pista (RESA: Runway End Safety Area)
An area beyond the runway end intended to reduce risk of damage to aircraft undershooting or overrunning
Limiar da pista (Runway Threshold)
The beginning of the usable portion of a runway for landing
Parada (SWY: Stopway)
An area beyond the takeoff runway designated for decelerating an aircraft during an aborted takeoff
Pista de táxi (TWY: Taxiway)
A defined path on an airport for aircraft to travel between runways and aprons
Terminal aeroportuario (Terminal)
A building at an airport where passengers transfer between ground and air transportation
Biruta (Windsock)
A conical textile tube mounted on an airport that indicates wind direction and approximate speed
Códigos e classificação de aeroportos (18)
Categoria Aeroporto (Airport Category)
The classification system used to categorize airports by size, traffic, and facilities
Elevação do Aeroporto (ELEV: Airport Elevation)
The highest point of an airport's usable landing area measured above mean sea level
Ponto de referência do aeroporto (ARP: Airport Reference Point)
The designated geographical center of an airport used for identification and coordination
Identificador de localização FAA (FAA LID: FAA Location Identifier)
A 3-4 character identifier used by the FAA for airports and navigation aids in the US
Cidade Foco (Focus City)
An airport where an airline operates significant point-to-point service without full hub operations
Aeroporto de Aviação Geral (GA: General Aviation Airport)
An airport primarily serving non-scheduled and private aircraft operations
Heliporto (Heliport)
An area of land or a structure used for helicopter takeoff, landing, and parking
Aeroporto Central (Hub Airport)
An airport that serves as a transfer point for connecting flights, typically for one or more airlines
Código IATA (IATA: IATA Code)
A three-letter code assigned by IATA to identify airports worldwide
Código ICAO (ICAO: ICAO Code)
A four-character alphanumeric code assigned by ICAO for airports and airfields
Aeroporto Internacional (International Airport)
An airport with customs and immigration facilities that handles international flights
Grande aeroporto (Large Airport)
An airport with substantial scheduled airline operations and high passenger volume
Aeroporto Médio (Medium Airport)
An airport with moderate levels of commercial and general aviation activity
Aeroporto de alívio (Reliever Airport)
An airport designated to reduce congestion at a major commercial airport
Serviço agendado (Scheduled Service)
Regularly operated commercial flights that run on published timetables
Base de hidroaviões (Seaplane Base)
A facility on water for the takeoff, landing, and servicing of seaplanes and amphibious aircraft
Aeroporto controlado por slot (Slot-Controlled Airport)
An airport where takeoff and landing slots are allocated to airlines due to capacity constraints
Pequeno aeroporto (Small Airport)
An airport with limited aviation activity, often serving general aviation
Operações de voo (22)
Bloquear Combustível (Block Fuel)
The total fuel required for a flight from engine start to engine shutdown
Tempo de bloqueio (Block Time)
The total time from gate departure to gate arrival, including taxiing and airborne time
Subida (Climb)
The phase of flight where an aircraft gains altitude after takeoff
Aterrissagem com vento cruzado (Crosswind Landing)
A landing technique used when wind blows perpendicular to the runway direction
Cruzeiro (Cruise)
The phase of flight at a relatively constant altitude and speed between climb and descent
Descida (Descent)
The phase of flight where an aircraft reduces altitude as it approaches the destination
Desvio (Diversion)
A change in route to land at an airport other than the intended destination
ETOPS (ETOPS)
Extended-range Twin-engine Operations — rules governing how far twin-engine aircraft can fly from airports
Voo de balsa (Ferry Flight)
A non-revenue flight for repositioning an aircraft to another airport
Arredondamento (Flare)
A pitch-up maneuver performed just before touchdown to reduce descent rate
Plano de voo (FPL: Flight Plan)
A document filed with air traffic control detailing the intended route, altitude, and timing of a flight
Arremetida (Go-Around)
An aborted landing where the aircraft applies full power and climbs away from the runway
Rota do Grande Círculo (GCR: Great Circle Route)
The shortest path between two points on the Earth's surface, commonly used in long-haul aviation
Padrão de espera (Holding Pattern)
A racetrack-shaped flight path used to delay an aircraft's approach to an airport
Pouso (Landing)
The final phase of flight where an aircraft descends to the runway surface
Posicionamento de voo (Positioning Flight)
A flight to move crew or aircraft to a location needed for operational purposes
Linha de rumo (Rhumb Line)
A path crossing all meridians at the same angle, appearing straight on a Mercator projection
Rotação (Vr) (Vr: Rotation (Vr))
The speed at which the pilot pulls back on the controls to lift the aircraft's nose during takeoff
Decolagem (Takeoff)
The phase of flight in which an aircraft accelerates and becomes airborne
Parada Técnica (Technical Stop)
An intermediate landing for refueling or maintenance rather than passenger purposes
Tempo de resposta (Turnaround Time)
The time required to unload, service, and reload an aircraft between arrival and departure
Hora de levantar (Wheels-Up Time)
The moment an aircraft lifts off the runway and becomes fully airborne
Experiência do passageiro (22)
Sala VIP do Aeroporto (Airport Lounge)
A premium waiting area offering comfortable seating, food, drinks, and amenities
Controle automatizado de passaportes (APC: Automated Passport Control)
Self-service kiosks that expedite immigration processing for eligible passengers
Retirada de bagagem (Baggage Claim)
The area in an airport where arriving passengers collect their checked luggage
Embarque (Boarding)
The process of passengers entering the aircraft before departure
Cartão de embarque (Boarding Pass)
A document providing authorization to board an aircraft for a specific flight
Bagagem de mão (Carry-On Baggage)
Luggage small enough to be stowed in the overhead bin or under the seat
Bagagem despachada (Checked Baggage)
Luggage surrendered at check-in to be transported in the aircraft's cargo hold
Check-in (Check-In)
The process of confirming a passenger's presence and obtaining a boarding pass
Alfândega (Customs)
Government checkpoints where goods brought into a country are inspected and duties assessed
Embarque negado (Denied Boarding)
When a passenger with a confirmed reservation is not allowed to board due to overbooking
Compras isentas de impostos (Duty-Free Shopping)
Retail outlets in international departure areas exempt from local taxes and duties
Entrada Global (Global Entry)
A US Customs program for expedited clearance for pre-approved, low-risk travelers
Imigração (Immigration)
Border control points where passports and visas are checked for international arrivals
Tempo mínimo de conexão (MCT: Minimum Connection Time)
The shortest allowed time between connecting flights at a specific airport
Sobrevenda (Overbooking) (Oversale (Overbooking))
The airline practice of selling more tickets than available seats to account for no-shows
Registro do nome do passageiro (PNR: Passenger Name Record)
A record in the airline reservation system containing passenger itinerary and contact information
Pré-liberação (Pre-Clearance)
US customs and immigration processing completed at a foreign airport before departure
Embarque prioritário (Priority Boarding)
Early aircraft boarding privilege given to premium class passengers or loyalty program members
Triagem de segurança (Security Screening)
The process of checking passengers and baggage for prohibited items before entering secure areas
Transferência (Transfer)
Changing from one flight to another at a connecting airport
Trânsito (lado ar) (Transit (Airside))
Remaining in the secure area of an airport between connecting flights without passing through immigration
Menor desacompanhado (UM: Unaccompanied Minor)
A child traveling without an adult passenger who receives special airline supervision
Operações de companhias aéreas (20)
Aliança Aérea (Airline Alliance)
A partnership of airlines that cooperate on routes, frequent flyer programs, and lounge access
Assento Quilômetro Disponível (ASK: Available Seat Kilometer)
The total passenger capacity of an airline measured in seats multiplied by distance flown
Companhia Aérea Fretada (Charter Airline)
An airline that operates flights booked by travel agencies or tour operators rather than scheduled services
Código compartilhado (Codeshare)
An agreement where two or more airlines share the same flight under different flight numbers
Locação a seco (Dry Lease)
An aircraft lease providing only the aircraft, without crew or operational support
Companhia Aérea Alimentadora (Feeder Airline)
A regional airline that transports passengers to and from a larger carrier's hub
Porta-bandeira (Flag Carrier)
An airline that is designated to represent and carry the flag of its home country
Direitos adquiridos (Grandfather Rights)
The principle allowing airlines to retain airport slots based on historical usage
Modelo Hub-and-Spoke (Hub-and-Spoke Model)
An airline network model routing most flights through a central hub airport
Acordo Interline (Interline Agreement)
An agreement allowing passengers to use a single ticket for journeys involving multiple airlines
Fator de carga (LF: Load Factor)
The percentage of available seats on an aircraft that are filled with passengers
Transportadora de baixo custo (LCC: Low-Cost Carrier)
An airline operating with a lower cost structure and offering lower fares than full-service carriers
oneworld
A global airline alliance founded in 1999, members include American Airlines, British Airways, Qantas
Modelo Ponto a Ponto (Point-to-Point Model)
An airline network model where flights connect cities directly without routing through a hub
Receita Passageiro Quilômetro (RPK: Revenue Passenger Kilometer)
A measure of airline traffic calculated as passengers carried multiplied by distance flown
Slot (Slot do Aeroporto) (Slot (Airport Slot))
A scheduled time allocation for an airline to use airport infrastructure for takeoff or landing
Star Alliance
The world's largest airline alliance founded in 1997, members include United, Lufthansa, ANA
Operadora de custo ultrabaixo (ULCC: Ultra-Low-Cost Carrier)
An airline with the most stripped-down fares, charging separately for nearly all services
Locação molhada (Wet Lease)
An aircraft lease that includes the aircraft, crew, maintenance, and insurance (ACMI)
Rendimento (Yield)
Average revenue per passenger-kilometer, a key airline profitability metric
Aeronaves e engenharia (24)
Unidade de energia auxiliar (APU: Auxiliary Power Unit)
A small engine on the aircraft that provides electrical power and air conditioning on the ground
Aviônica (Avionics)
The electronic systems used in aircraft including navigation, communication, and flight management
Sangrar ar (Bleed Air)
Compressed air extracted from the jet engine compressor used for cabin pressurization and de-icing
Materiais Compostos (Composite Materials)
Advanced lightweight materials (carbon fiber, fiberglass) used in modern aircraft construction
Empenagem (seção da cauda) (Empennage (Tail Section))
The tail assembly of an aircraft including horizontal stabilizer, vertical fin, and control surfaces
Classificação ETOPS (ETOPS Rating)
The certified maximum time a twin-engine aircraft may fly from a suitable diversion airport
Sistema de gerenciamento de voo (FMS: Flight Management System)
A computer system that automates navigation, performance optimization, and flight planning
Comando eletrônico de voo (FBW: Fly-By-Wire)
A system replacing manual flight controls with electronic signals sent to actuators
Fuselagem (Fuselage)
The main body structure of an aircraft that holds crew, passengers, and cargo
Trem de pouso (Landing Gear)
The undercarriage system of wheels, struts, and brakes supporting the aircraft on the ground
Número Mach (M: Mach Number)
The ratio of the aircraft's speed to the speed of sound in the surrounding atmosphere
Peso Máximo de Decolagem (MTOW: Maximum Takeoff Weight)
The maximum weight at which the pilot is allowed to attempt takeoff
Aeronave de corpo estreito (Narrow-Body Aircraft)
A single-aisle aircraft typically seating 100-240 passengers for short/medium-haul flights
Pressurização (Pressurization)
The process of maintaining a safe atmospheric pressure inside the aircraft cabin at high altitudes
Alcance (Aeronave) (Range (Aircraft))
The maximum distance an aircraft can fly without refueling
Jato Regional (RJ: Regional Jet)
A small jet aircraft typically seating 50-100 passengers for short-haul routes
Teto de serviço (Service Ceiling)
The maximum altitude at which an aircraft can sustain a specified rate of climb
Velocidade de estol (Vs: Stall Speed)
The minimum speed at which an aircraft can maintain level flight
Sistema de prevenção de colisões de trânsito (TCAS: Traffic Collision Avoidance System)
An airborne system that detects other transponder-equipped aircraft and provides resolution advisories
Motor Turbofan (Turbofan Engine)
A jet engine that uses a ducted fan to produce thrust, the most common type on commercial aircraft
Turboélice (Turboprop)
An aircraft powered by a gas turbine engine driving a propeller, efficient at lower speeds
Motor Turboeixo (Turboshaft Engine)
A gas turbine engine optimized to produce shaft power, primarily used in helicopters
Aeronave de fuselagem larga (Wide-Body Aircraft)
A twin-aisle aircraft typically seating 200-600 passengers for medium/long-haul flights
Aleta de ponta de asa (Winglet)
A vertical or angled extension at the tip of an aircraft wing that reduces drag
Meteorologia aeronáutica (18)
Teto de nuvens (Ceiling)
The height of the lowest layer of clouds covering more than half the sky
Turbulência em céu claro (CAT: Clear Air Turbulence)
Turbulence occurring in cloudless areas, often near jet streams, invisible to radar
Vento cruzado (Crosswind)
A wind blowing perpendicular to the direction of travel or runway alignment
Nevoeiro (Fog)
Visibility-reducing water droplets suspended near the surface, a major cause of airport delays
Vento contrário (Headwind)
A wind blowing directly opposite to the direction of aircraft travel, reducing ground speed
Formação de gelo (Icing)
The accumulation of ice on aircraft surfaces during flight through supercooled water droplets
Corrente de Jato (Jet Stream)
A narrow band of strong winds (100-200 kt) at high altitudes affecting flight times and routing
METAR (METAR)
Aviation Routine Weather Report — a standardized format for reporting current weather conditions
Relatório de piloto (PIREP: Pilot Report)
An in-flight weather report provided by a pilot describing actual conditions encountered
QNH (QNH)
The atmospheric pressure adjusted to mean sea level, used for altimeter setting
SIGMET (SIGMET)
Significant Meteorological Information — a warning of severe weather hazardous to all aircraft
Vento favorável (Tailwind)
A wind blowing in the same direction as the aircraft's travel, increasing ground speed
Previsão de aeródromo terminal (TAF: Terminal Aerodrome Forecast)
A weather forecast for the area around an airport, typically covering a 24-30 hour period
Tempestade (Cumulonimbus) (CB: Thunderstorm (Cumulonimbus))
A convective weather system producing lightning, turbulence, hail, and heavy precipitation
Turbulência (Turbulence)
Irregular atmospheric motion causing sudden changes in an aircraft's altitude or attitude
Visibilidade (VIS: Visibility)
The greatest distance at which prominent objects can be identified with the unaided eye
Nuvem de Cinzas Vulcânicas (Volcanic Ash Cloud)
Fine rock particles from volcanic eruptions that can damage jet engines and aircraft systems
Cisalhamento do Vento (Wind Shear)
A sudden change in wind speed or direction over a short distance, hazardous during takeoff and landing
Segurança e regulamentações (22)
Certificado de Aeronavegabilidade (Airworthiness Certificate)
An official document certifying that an aircraft meets safety standards and is fit to fly
Ataque de Pássaro (Bird Strike)
A collision between an airborne animal and an aircraft, posing risk to engines and windscreens
Caixa Preta (Gravador de Voo) (FDR/CVR: Black Box (Flight Recorder))
The flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder that capture flight parameters and audio
Voo controlado para o terreno (CFIT: Controlled Flight Into Terrain)
An accident where an airworthy aircraft is flown into terrain, water, or an obstacle
Gerenciamento de recursos de tripulação (CRM: Crew Resource Management)
Training methodology that improves teamwork, communication, and decision-making among flight crew
Evacuação de Emergência (Emergency Evacuation)
The rapid deployment of passengers from an aircraft via emergency exits and slides
Saída de Emergência (Emergency Exit)
A specially designed door or window on an aircraft that can be opened quickly for evacuation
GPWS aprimorado (EGPWS: Enhanced GPWS)
An advanced terrain awareness system combining GPS data with a terrain database
Agência da União Europeia para a Segurança da Aviação (EASA: European Union Aviation Safety Agency)
The EU agency responsible for civil aviation safety regulation
Administração Federal de Aviação (FAA: Federal Aviation Administration)
The US government agency responsible for regulating civil aviation
Sistema de supressão de incêndio (Fire Suppression System)
Aircraft systems designed to detect and extinguish fires in engines, cargo holds, and lavatories
Sistema de alerta de proximidade ao solo (GPWS: Ground Proximity Warning System)
An aircraft system that alerts pilots when the aircraft is in dangerous proximity to terrain
Associação Internacional de Transporte Aéreo (IATA: International Air Transport Association)
The trade association representing airlines worldwide, managing codes and standards
Organização Internacional da Aviação Civil (ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization)
The UN specialized agency managing international civil aviation standards and regulations
Colete salva-vidas (Life Vest)
A personal flotation device stored under each aircraft seat for use in water emergencies
MAYDAY
The international distress signal indicating grave and imminent danger requiring immediate assistance
Aviso às Missões Aéreas (NOTAM: Notice to Air Missions)
A notice filed with aviation authorities to alert pilots of hazards or changes along a flight route
PAN-PAN
The international urgency signal indicating a condition requiring assistance but not immediate danger
Incursão na pista (Runway Incursion)
Any occurrence involving unauthorized presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on a runway
Sistema de gestão de segurança (SMS: Safety Management System)
A systematic approach to managing aviation safety including organizational structures and policies
Administração de segurança de transporte (TSA: Transportation Security Administration)
The US agency responsible for security of transportation systems, particularly airports
Despertar Turbulência (Wake Turbulence)
Air disturbance caused by an aircraft's wingtip vortices, hazardous to following aircraft
Controle de tráfego aéreo (20)
Controle de Tráfego Aéreo (ATC: Air Traffic Control)
The ground-based service that directs aircraft on the ground and in the air to maintain safe separation
Controle de aproximação (APP: Approach Control)
The ATC facility responsible for aircraft in the terminal area around an airport
Centro de Controle de Área (ACC: Area Control Center)
The ATC facility responsible for aircraft in en-route airspace between terminal areas
Transmissão Automática de Vigilância Dependente (ADS-B: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast)
A surveillance technology where aircraft broadcast GPS position and other data
Serviço automático de informação terminal (ATIS: Automatic Terminal Information Service)
A continuous broadcast of recorded airport information including weather, runways, and NOTAMs
Autorização ATC (Clearance)
An authorization from ATC for an aircraft to proceed under specified conditions
Link de dados controlador-piloto (CPDLC: Controller-Pilot Data Link)
A text-based communication system between pilots and ATC supplementing voice radio
Faixa de progresso de voo (Flight Progress Strip)
A paper or electronic record displaying essential information about an individual flight
Controle de Fluxo (Flow Control)
ATC measures to regulate the rate of aircraft entering a sector or airport to prevent overload
Controle de solo (GND: Ground Control)
The ATC position responsible for aircraft and vehicles on airport taxiways and ramps
Parada no solo (Ground Stop)
A traffic management procedure halting departures to a specific airport
Transferência (Handoff)
The transfer of radar identification and communication between ATC sectors or facilities
Regulação de fluxo (Metering)
The controlled timing of aircraft to manage arrival flow at busy airports
Sistema de radar (Radar)
Radio detection and ranging technology used to track aircraft positions and weather
Radiocomunicação (Radio Communication)
Voice communication between pilots and ATC using VHF or HF radio frequencies
SELCAL (SELCAL)
Selective Calling — a system that alerts a specific aircraft that a ground station wants to communicate
Separação (Separation)
The minimum required spacing between aircraft to prevent collision
Sequenciamento de tráfego (Sequencing)
The process of arranging arriving aircraft in an orderly line for approach and landing
Controle de Torre (TWR: Tower Control)
The ATC position responsible for aircraft on or near the runway and in the immediate airport area
Vetoração por radar (Vectoring)
ATC directing an aircraft to fly specific headings for traffic sequencing or separation
Planejamento de viagens (22)
Voo Prêmio (Award Flight)
A flight booked using frequent flyer miles or points rather than money
Classe de cabine (Cabin Class)
The service tier on an aircraft: Economy, Premium Economy, Business, or First Class
Voo de conexão (Connecting Flight)
A flight that requires changing aircraft at an intermediate airport
Voo de reposicionamento (deadhead) (Dead-Head)
An airline crew member traveling as a passenger to reach their next working assignment
Vôo Direto (Direct Flight)
A flight that does not require a change of aircraft, but may include intermediate stops
Visto Eletrônico (e-Visa: Electronic Visa)
A visa obtained through an online application before travel
Voo olho no céu (Eye-in-the-Sky Flight)
A westbound daytime long-haul flight that appears to chase the sun
Classe Tarifária (Código de Reserva) (Fare Class (Booking Code))
A letter code identifying the fare type and conditions of a ticket
Programa de passageiro frequente (FFP: Frequent Flyer Program)
An airline loyalty program rewarding regular travelers with miles, points, and elite benefits
Jet lag (Jet Lag)
Fatigue and disorientation from rapid travel across multiple time zones
Escala (Layover)
A short wait between connecting flights, typically under 24 hours
Itinerário Multicidades (Multi-City Itinerary)
A travel itinerary visiting multiple destinations before returning home
Voo sem escalas (Nonstop Flight)
A flight from origin to destination without any intermediate stops
Bilhete só de ida (One-Way Ticket)
A ticket for travel in one direction only, without a return flight
Mandíbula aberta (Open Jaw)
An itinerary where the departure city differs from the arrival city on the return trip
Voo de olhos vermelhos (Red-Eye Flight)
An overnight flight departing late at night and arriving early the next morning
Voo de receita (Revenue Flight)
A flight booked with cash payment as opposed to an award (miles-based) booking
Ida e volta (Round Trip)
A journey from an origin to a destination and back to the origin
Parada (Stopover)
A planned break in a journey lasting 24 hours or more at an intermediate point
Visto de Trânsito (Transit Visa)
A visa required for passing through a country's airport while connecting to another destination
Seguro de viagem (Travel Insurance)
Insurance coverage for unexpected events during travel including cancellation and medical emergencies
Visto na chegada (VOA: Visa on Arrival)
A visa obtained at the destination airport's immigration counter rather than in advance
Geografia da aviação (20)
Rumo (Bearing)
The horizontal direction from one point to another, measured in degrees from true north
Espaço Aéreo Continental (Continental Airspace)
Airspace over a continent's landmass, typically better served by radar and communications
Tempo Universal Coordenado (UTC: Coordinated Universal Time)
The primary time standard for regulating clocks and aviation worldwide (also called Zulu time)
Corredor de Voo (Flight Corridor)
A designated airspace pathway commonly used for routing flights between regions
Distância do Grande Círculo (GCD: Great Circle Distance)
The shortest distance between two points on Earth, following the curvature of the globe
Hemisfério (Hemisphere)
One half of the Earth divided by the equator (N/S) or Prime Meridian (E/W)
Linha Internacional de Data (IDL: International Date Line)
An imaginary line roughly along the 180° meridian where the calendar date changes
Rota Canguru (Kangaroo Route)
The air route between Australia and the United Kingdom, historically via multiple stops in Asia
Nó (kt: Knot)
A unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, used in aviation and maritime
Latitude geográfica (Latitude)
The angular distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees
Longitude geográfica (Longitude)
The angular distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, measured in degrees
Variação Magnética (Magnetic Variation)
The angular difference between true north and magnetic north at a given location
Milha Náutica (NM: Nautical Mile)
A unit of distance equal to one minute of latitude, approximately 1.852 km
Espaço Aéreo Oceânico (Oceanic Airspace)
Airspace over oceans where radar coverage is limited, requiring procedural separation
Rota Polar (Polar Route)
An air route passing near the North or South Pole, shortening distances between certain cities
Milha Estatutária (SM: Statute Mile)
A unit of distance equal to 5,280 feet or approximately 1.609 km
Fuso horário (Time Zone)
A geographic region observing a uniform standard time, typically offset from UTC
Rota Transatlântica (Transatlantic Route)
An air route crossing the Atlantic Ocean, connecting Europe/Africa with the Americas
Rota Transpacífica (Transpacific Route)
An air route crossing the Pacific Ocean, connecting Asia/Oceania with the Americas
Trópico de Câncer (Tropic of Cancer)
The northernmost latitude (23.5°N) where the sun can be directly overhead