Havacılık Sözlüğü
255255 terim, 12 kategori
Havalimanı Altyapısı (25)
Havaalanı Aydınlatması (AGL: Airfield Lighting)
The system of lights on runways, taxiways, and aprons that guide aircraft during low visibility
Havaalanı İtfaiye İstasyonu (ARFF: Airport Fire Station)
Airport Rescue and Firefighting facility providing emergency response for aircraft incidents
Önlük (Apron)
The area of an airport where aircraft are parked, loaded, fueled, and boarded
Bagaj Taşıma Sistemi (BHS: Baggage Handling System)
The network of conveyors and sorting equipment that moves luggage within an airport
Patlatma Çiti (Blast Fence)
A barrier designed to redirect jet engine exhaust away from people and structures on the apron
Kargo Terminali (Cargo Terminal)
A specialized airport facility for handling freight and mail shipments
Yolcu salonu (Concourse)
A section of a terminal containing gates for aircraft boarding and deplaning
Kontrol Kulesi (TWR: Control Tower)
The facility at an airport from which air traffic controllers direct aircraft movements
Buz Çözücü Ped (De-Icing Pad)
A designated area where aircraft are treated with de-icing fluid before takeoff in cold weather
Yer Değiştirmiş Eşik (Displaced Threshold)
A threshold not located at the beginning of the full-strength runway surface
Sabit Taban Operatörü (FBO: Fixed-Base Operator)
A commercial business granted the right to operate at an airport providing aeronautical services
Yakıt Çiftliği (Fuel Farm)
An airport facility that stores and distributes aviation fuel to aircraft
Kapı (Gate)
A designated area at an airport where passengers board and deplane aircraft
Uçak hangarı (Hangar)
An enclosed building structure to hold aircraft for maintenance or storage
Bekleme Körfezi (Holding Bay)
A designated area near the runway where aircraft wait before receiving takeoff clearance
ILS Yerelleştirici Anteni (LOC: ILS Localizer Antenna)
A ground-based radio transmitter providing horizontal guidance for precision approaches
Jet Köprüsü (Jet Bridge)
An enclosed, movable connector between an airport terminal gate and an aircraft door
PAPI (PAPI)
Precision Approach Path Indicator — a visual aid providing glidepath guidance during approach
Pist (RWY: Runway)
A defined rectangular surface on an airport prepared for aircraft takeoff and landing
Pist Sonu Güvenlik Alanı (RESA: Runway End Safety Area)
An area beyond the runway end intended to reduce risk of damage to aircraft undershooting or overrunning
Pist Eşiği (Runway Threshold)
The beginning of the usable portion of a runway for landing
Durma alanı (SWY: Stopway)
An area beyond the takeoff runway designated for decelerating an aircraft during an aborted takeoff
Taksi yolu (TWY: Taxiway)
A defined path on an airport for aircraft to travel between runways and aprons
Havalimanı terminali (Terminal)
A building at an airport where passengers transfer between ground and air transportation
Rüzgar tulumu (Windsock)
A conical textile tube mounted on an airport that indicates wind direction and approximate speed
Havalimanı kodları ve sınıflandırma (18)
Havaalanı Kategorisi (Airport Category)
The classification system used to categorize airports by size, traffic, and facilities
Havaalanı Yüksekliği (ELEV: Airport Elevation)
The highest point of an airport's usable landing area measured above mean sea level
Havaalanı Referans Noktası (ARP: Airport Reference Point)
The designated geographical center of an airport used for identification and coordination
FAA Konum Tanımlayıcı (FAA LID: FAA Location Identifier)
A 3-4 character identifier used by the FAA for airports and navigation aids in the US
Odak Şehir (Focus City)
An airport where an airline operates significant point-to-point service without full hub operations
Genel Havacılık Havaalanı (GA: General Aviation Airport)
An airport primarily serving non-scheduled and private aircraft operations
Helikopter pisti (Heliport)
An area of land or a structure used for helicopter takeoff, landing, and parking
Merkez Havaalanı (Hub Airport)
An airport that serves as a transfer point for connecting flights, typically for one or more airlines
IATA Kodu (IATA: IATA Code)
A three-letter code assigned by IATA to identify airports worldwide
ICAO Kodu (ICAO: ICAO Code)
A four-character alphanumeric code assigned by ICAO for airports and airfields
Uluslararası Havaalanı (International Airport)
An airport with customs and immigration facilities that handles international flights
Büyük Havaalanı (Large Airport)
An airport with substantial scheduled airline operations and high passenger volume
Orta Havaalanı (Medium Airport)
An airport with moderate levels of commercial and general aviation activity
Rahatlatıcı Havaalanı (Reliever Airport)
An airport designated to reduce congestion at a major commercial airport
Planlı Hizmet (Scheduled Service)
Regularly operated commercial flights that run on published timetables
Deniz Uçağı Üssü (Seaplane Base)
A facility on water for the takeoff, landing, and servicing of seaplanes and amphibious aircraft
Slot Kontrollü Havaalanı (Slot-Controlled Airport)
An airport where takeoff and landing slots are allocated to airlines due to capacity constraints
Küçük Havaalanı (Small Airport)
An airport with limited aviation activity, often serving general aviation
Uçuş Operasyonları (22)
Yakıtı Bloke Et (Block Fuel)
The total fuel required for a flight from engine start to engine shutdown
Blok Süresi (Block Time)
The total time from gate departure to gate arrival, including taxiing and airborne time
Tırmanış (Climb)
The phase of flight where an aircraft gains altitude after takeoff
Yan Rüzgar İnişi (Crosswind Landing)
A landing technique used when wind blows perpendicular to the runway direction
Seyir uçuşu (Cruise)
The phase of flight at a relatively constant altitude and speed between climb and descent
İniş (Descent)
The phase of flight where an aircraft reduces altitude as it approaches the destination
Yönlendirme (Diversion)
A change in route to land at an airport other than the intended destination
ETOPS (ETOPS)
Extended-range Twin-engine Operations — rules governing how far twin-engine aircraft can fly from airports
Feribot Uçuşu (Ferry Flight)
A non-revenue flight for repositioning an aircraft to another airport
Flare manevrası (Flare)
A pitch-up maneuver performed just before touchdown to reduce descent rate
Uçuş Planı (FPL: Flight Plan)
A document filed with air traffic control detailing the intended route, altitude, and timing of a flight
Pas geçme (Go-Around)
An aborted landing where the aircraft applies full power and climbs away from the runway
Büyük Çember Rotası (GCR: Great Circle Route)
The shortest path between two points on the Earth's surface, commonly used in long-haul aviation
Bekleme paterni (Holding Pattern)
A racetrack-shaped flight path used to delay an aircraft's approach to an airport
İniş (Landing)
The final phase of flight where an aircraft descends to the runway surface
Konumlandırma Uçuşu (Positioning Flight)
A flight to move crew or aircraft to a location needed for operational purposes
Kerte Hattı (Rhumb Line)
A path crossing all meridians at the same angle, appearing straight on a Mercator projection
Döndürme (Vr) (Vr: Rotation (Vr))
The speed at which the pilot pulls back on the controls to lift the aircraft's nose during takeoff
Kalkış (Takeoff)
The phase of flight in which an aircraft accelerates and becomes airborne
Teknik Durak (Technical Stop)
An intermediate landing for refueling or maintenance rather than passenger purposes
Geri Dönüş Süresi (Turnaround Time)
The time required to unload, service, and reload an aircraft between arrival and departure
Harekete Geçme Süresi (Wheels-Up Time)
The moment an aircraft lifts off the runway and becomes fully airborne
Yolcu Deneyimi (22)
Havaalanı Dinlenme Salonu (Airport Lounge)
A premium waiting area offering comfortable seating, food, drinks, and amenities
Otomatik Pasaport Kontrolü (APC: Automated Passport Control)
Self-service kiosks that expedite immigration processing for eligible passengers
Bagaj Talebi (Baggage Claim)
The area in an airport where arriving passengers collect their checked luggage
Yatılı (Boarding)
The process of passengers entering the aircraft before departure
Biniş Kartı (Boarding Pass)
A document providing authorization to board an aircraft for a specific flight
El Bagajı (Carry-On Baggage)
Luggage small enough to be stowed in the overhead bin or under the seat
Kayıtlı Bagaj (Checked Baggage)
Luggage surrendered at check-in to be transported in the aircraft's cargo hold
Giriş (Check-In)
The process of confirming a passenger's presence and obtaining a boarding pass
Gümrük (Customs)
Government checkpoints where goods brought into a country are inspected and duties assessed
Biniş Reddedildi (Denied Boarding)
When a passenger with a confirmed reservation is not allowed to board due to overbooking
Gümrüksüz Alışveriş (Duty-Free Shopping)
Retail outlets in international departure areas exempt from local taxes and duties
Küresel Giriş (Global Entry)
A US Customs program for expedited clearance for pre-approved, low-risk travelers
Göçmenlik (Immigration)
Border control points where passports and visas are checked for international arrivals
Minimum Bağlantı Süresi (MCT: Minimum Connection Time)
The shortest allowed time between connecting flights at a specific airport
Fazla Satış (Çifte Rezervasyon) (Oversale (Overbooking))
The airline practice of selling more tickets than available seats to account for no-shows
Yolcu Adı Kaydı (PNR: Passenger Name Record)
A record in the airline reservation system containing passenger itinerary and contact information
Ön Gümrükleme (Pre-Clearance)
US customs and immigration processing completed at a foreign airport before departure
Öncelikli Biniş (Priority Boarding)
Early aircraft boarding privilege given to premium class passengers or loyalty program members
Güvenlik Taraması (Security Screening)
The process of checking passengers and baggage for prohibited items before entering secure areas
Aktarım (Transfer)
Changing from one flight to another at a connecting airport
Transit (Hava Tarafı) (Transit (Airside))
Remaining in the secure area of an airport between connecting flights without passing through immigration
Refakatsiz Çocuk (UM: Unaccompanied Minor)
A child traveling without an adult passenger who receives special airline supervision
Havayolu Operasyonları (20)
Havayolu İttifakı (Airline Alliance)
A partnership of airlines that cooperate on routes, frequent flyer programs, and lounge access
Mevcut Koltuk Kilometresi (ASK: Available Seat Kilometer)
The total passenger capacity of an airline measured in seats multiplied by distance flown
Charter Havayolu (Charter Airline)
An airline that operates flights booked by travel agencies or tour operators rather than scheduled services
Kod paylaşımı (Codeshare)
An agreement where two or more airlines share the same flight under different flight numbers
Kuru Kiralama (Dry Lease)
An aircraft lease providing only the aircraft, without crew or operational support
Besleyici Havayolu (Feeder Airline)
A regional airline that transports passengers to and from a larger carrier's hub
Bayrak Taşıyıcı (Flag Carrier)
An airline that is designated to represent and carry the flag of its home country
Kazanılmış haklar (Grandfather Rights)
The principle allowing airlines to retain airport slots based on historical usage
Hub-ve-Spoke Modeli (Hub-and-Spoke Model)
An airline network model routing most flights through a central hub airport
Hatlararası Anlaşma (Interline Agreement)
An agreement allowing passengers to use a single ticket for journeys involving multiple airlines
Yük Faktörü (LF: Load Factor)
The percentage of available seats on an aircraft that are filled with passengers
Düşük Maliyetli Taşıyıcı (LCC: Low-Cost Carrier)
An airline operating with a lower cost structure and offering lower fares than full-service carriers
oneworld
A global airline alliance founded in 1999, members include American Airlines, British Airways, Qantas
Noktadan Noktaya Model (Point-to-Point Model)
An airline network model where flights connect cities directly without routing through a hub
Gelir Yolcu Kilometresi (RPK: Revenue Passenger Kilometer)
A measure of airline traffic calculated as passengers carried multiplied by distance flown
Yuva (Havaalanı Yuvası) (Slot (Airport Slot))
A scheduled time allocation for an airline to use airport infrastructure for takeoff or landing
Star Alliance
The world's largest airline alliance founded in 1997, members include United, Lufthansa, ANA
Ultra Düşük Maliyetli Taşıyıcı (ULCC: Ultra-Low-Cost Carrier)
An airline with the most stripped-down fares, charging separately for nearly all services
Islak Kiralama (Wet Lease)
An aircraft lease that includes the aircraft, crew, maintenance, and insurance (ACMI)
Verim (Yield)
Average revenue per passenger-kilometer, a key airline profitability metric
Uçak ve mühendislik (24)
Yardımcı Güç Ünitesi (APU: Auxiliary Power Unit)
A small engine on the aircraft that provides electrical power and air conditioning on the ground
Aviyonik (Avionics)
The electronic systems used in aircraft including navigation, communication, and flight management
Hava tahliyesi (Bleed Air)
Compressed air extracted from the jet engine compressor used for cabin pressurization and de-icing
Kompozit Malzemeler (Composite Materials)
Advanced lightweight materials (carbon fiber, fiberglass) used in modern aircraft construction
Empennage (Kuyruk Bölümü) (Empennage (Tail Section))
The tail assembly of an aircraft including horizontal stabilizer, vertical fin, and control surfaces
ETOPS Derecelendirmesi (ETOPS Rating)
The certified maximum time a twin-engine aircraft may fly from a suitable diversion airport
Uçuş Yönetim Sistemi (FMS: Flight Management System)
A computer system that automates navigation, performance optimization, and flight planning
Elektronik uçuş kumandası (FBW: Fly-By-Wire)
A system replacing manual flight controls with electronic signals sent to actuators
Gövde (Fuselage)
The main body structure of an aircraft that holds crew, passengers, and cargo
İniş takımı (Landing Gear)
The undercarriage system of wheels, struts, and brakes supporting the aircraft on the ground
Mak Sayısı (M: Mach Number)
The ratio of the aircraft's speed to the speed of sound in the surrounding atmosphere
Maksimum Kalkış Ağırlığı (MTOW: Maximum Takeoff Weight)
The maximum weight at which the pilot is allowed to attempt takeoff
Dar Gövdeli Uçak (Narrow-Body Aircraft)
A single-aisle aircraft typically seating 100-240 passengers for short/medium-haul flights
Basınçlandırma (Pressurization)
The process of maintaining a safe atmospheric pressure inside the aircraft cabin at high altitudes
Menzil (Uçak) (Range (Aircraft))
The maximum distance an aircraft can fly without refueling
Bölgesel Jet (RJ: Regional Jet)
A small jet aircraft typically seating 50-100 passengers for short-haul routes
Servis Tavanı (Service Ceiling)
The maximum altitude at which an aircraft can sustain a specified rate of climb
Durak Hızı (Vs: Stall Speed)
The minimum speed at which an aircraft can maintain level flight
Trafik Çarpışma Önleme Sistemi (TCAS: Traffic Collision Avoidance System)
An airborne system that detects other transponder-equipped aircraft and provides resolution advisories
Turbofan Motor (Turbofan Engine)
A jet engine that uses a ducted fan to produce thrust, the most common type on commercial aircraft
Turboprop uçak (Turboprop)
An aircraft powered by a gas turbine engine driving a propeller, efficient at lower speeds
Turboşaft Motor (Turboshaft Engine)
A gas turbine engine optimized to produce shaft power, primarily used in helicopters
Geniş Gövdeli Uçak (Wide-Body Aircraft)
A twin-aisle aircraft typically seating 200-600 passengers for medium/long-haul flights
Kanatçık (Winglet)
A vertical or angled extension at the tip of an aircraft wing that reduces drag
Havacılık meteorolojisi (18)
Bulut tavanı (Ceiling)
The height of the lowest layer of clouds covering more than half the sky
Açık Hava Türbülansı (CAT: Clear Air Turbulence)
Turbulence occurring in cloudless areas, often near jet streams, invisible to radar
Yan rüzgar (Crosswind)
A wind blowing perpendicular to the direction of travel or runway alignment
Sis (Fog)
Visibility-reducing water droplets suspended near the surface, a major cause of airport delays
Karşı rüzgar (Headwind)
A wind blowing directly opposite to the direction of aircraft travel, reducing ground speed
Buzlanma (Icing)
The accumulation of ice on aircraft surfaces during flight through supercooled water droplets
Jet Akışı (Jet Stream)
A narrow band of strong winds (100-200 kt) at high altitudes affecting flight times and routing
METAR (METAR)
Aviation Routine Weather Report — a standardized format for reporting current weather conditions
Pilot raporu (PIREP: Pilot Report)
An in-flight weather report provided by a pilot describing actual conditions encountered
QNH (QNH)
The atmospheric pressure adjusted to mean sea level, used for altimeter setting
SIGMET (SIGMET)
Significant Meteorological Information — a warning of severe weather hazardous to all aircraft
Arka rüzgar (Tailwind)
A wind blowing in the same direction as the aircraft's travel, increasing ground speed
Terminal Meydan Tahmini (TAF: Terminal Aerodrome Forecast)
A weather forecast for the area around an airport, typically covering a 24-30 hour period
Fırtına (Cumulonimbus) (CB: Thunderstorm (Cumulonimbus))
A convective weather system producing lightning, turbulence, hail, and heavy precipitation
Türbülans (Turbulence)
Irregular atmospheric motion causing sudden changes in an aircraft's altitude or attitude
Görünürlük (VIS: Visibility)
The greatest distance at which prominent objects can be identified with the unaided eye
Volkanik Kül Bulutu (Volcanic Ash Cloud)
Fine rock particles from volcanic eruptions that can damage jet engines and aircraft systems
Rüzgar Kesme (Wind Shear)
A sudden change in wind speed or direction over a short distance, hazardous during takeoff and landing
Emniyet ve düzenlemeler (22)
Uçuşa Elverişlilik Sertifikası (Airworthiness Certificate)
An official document certifying that an aircraft meets safety standards and is fit to fly
Kuş Saldırısı (Bird Strike)
A collision between an airborne animal and an aircraft, posing risk to engines and windscreens
Kara Kutu (Uçuş Kaydedici) (FDR/CVR: Black Box (Flight Recorder))
The flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder that capture flight parameters and audio
Araziye Kontrollü Uçuş (CFIT: Controlled Flight Into Terrain)
An accident where an airworthy aircraft is flown into terrain, water, or an obstacle
Mürettebat Kaynak Yönetimi (CRM: Crew Resource Management)
Training methodology that improves teamwork, communication, and decision-making among flight crew
Acil Tahliye (Emergency Evacuation)
The rapid deployment of passengers from an aircraft via emergency exits and slides
Acil Çıkış (Emergency Exit)
A specially designed door or window on an aircraft that can be opened quickly for evacuation
Geliştirilmiş GPWS (EGPWS: Enhanced GPWS)
An advanced terrain awareness system combining GPS data with a terrain database
Avrupa Birliği Havacılık Güvenliği Ajansı (EASA: European Union Aviation Safety Agency)
The EU agency responsible for civil aviation safety regulation
Federal Havacılık İdaresi (FAA: Federal Aviation Administration)
The US government agency responsible for regulating civil aviation
Yangın Söndürme Sistemi (Fire Suppression System)
Aircraft systems designed to detect and extinguish fires in engines, cargo holds, and lavatories
Yere Yakınlık Uyarı Sistemi (GPWS: Ground Proximity Warning System)
An aircraft system that alerts pilots when the aircraft is in dangerous proximity to terrain
Uluslararası Hava Taşımacılığı Birliği (IATA: International Air Transport Association)
The trade association representing airlines worldwide, managing codes and standards
Uluslararası Sivil Havacılık Örgütü (ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization)
The UN specialized agency managing international civil aviation standards and regulations
Can Yeleği (Life Vest)
A personal flotation device stored under each aircraft seat for use in water emergencies
MAYDAY
The international distress signal indicating grave and imminent danger requiring immediate assistance
Hava Görevlerine Duyuru (NOTAM: Notice to Air Missions)
A notice filed with aviation authorities to alert pilots of hazards or changes along a flight route
PAN-PAN
The international urgency signal indicating a condition requiring assistance but not immediate danger
Pist İhlali (Runway Incursion)
Any occurrence involving unauthorized presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on a runway
Güvenlik Yönetim Sistemi (SMS: Safety Management System)
A systematic approach to managing aviation safety including organizational structures and policies
Ulaştırma Güvenliği İdaresi (TSA: Transportation Security Administration)
The US agency responsible for security of transportation systems, particularly airports
Uyandırma Türbülansı (Wake Turbulence)
Air disturbance caused by an aircraft's wingtip vortices, hazardous to following aircraft
Hava Trafik Kontrolü (20)
Hava Trafik Kontrolü (ATC: Air Traffic Control)
The ground-based service that directs aircraft on the ground and in the air to maintain safe separation
Yaklaşma Kontrolü (APP: Approach Control)
The ATC facility responsible for aircraft in the terminal area around an airport
Alan Kontrol Merkezi (ACC: Area Control Center)
The ATC facility responsible for aircraft in en-route airspace between terminal areas
Otomatik Bağımlı Gözetim-Yayın (ADS-B: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast)
A surveillance technology where aircraft broadcast GPS position and other data
Otomatik Terminal Bilgi Servisi (ATIS: Automatic Terminal Information Service)
A continuous broadcast of recorded airport information including weather, runways, and NOTAMs
ATC izni (Clearance)
An authorization from ATC for an aircraft to proceed under specified conditions
Kontrolör-Pilot Veri Bağlantısı (CPDLC: Controller-Pilot Data Link)
A text-based communication system between pilots and ATC supplementing voice radio
Uçuş İlerleme Şeridi (Flight Progress Strip)
A paper or electronic record displaying essential information about an individual flight
Akış Kontrolü (Flow Control)
ATC measures to regulate the rate of aircraft entering a sector or airport to prevent overload
Yer Kontrolü (GND: Ground Control)
The ATC position responsible for aircraft and vehicles on airport taxiways and ramps
Zemin Durdurma (Ground Stop)
A traffic management procedure halting departures to a specific airport
Devir (Handoff)
The transfer of radar identification and communication between ATC sectors or facilities
Akış düzenleme (Metering)
The controlled timing of aircraft to manage arrival flow at busy airports
Radar sistemi (Radar)
Radio detection and ranging technology used to track aircraft positions and weather
Radyo İletişimi (Radio Communication)
Voice communication between pilots and ATC using VHF or HF radio frequencies
SELCAL (SELCAL)
Selective Calling — a system that alerts a specific aircraft that a ground station wants to communicate
Ayırma (Separation)
The minimum required spacing between aircraft to prevent collision
Trafik sıralaması (Sequencing)
The process of arranging arriving aircraft in an orderly line for approach and landing
Kule Kontrolü (TWR: Tower Control)
The ATC position responsible for aircraft on or near the runway and in the immediate airport area
Radar vektörleme (Vectoring)
ATC directing an aircraft to fly specific headings for traffic sequencing or separation
Seyahat planlaması (22)
Ödül Uçuşu (Award Flight)
A flight booked using frequent flyer miles or points rather than money
Kabin Sınıfı (Cabin Class)
The service tier on an aircraft: Economy, Premium Economy, Business, or First Class
Bağlantılı Uçuş (Connecting Flight)
A flight that requires changing aircraft at an intermediate airport
Konumlandırma uçuşu (deadhead) (Dead-Head)
An airline crew member traveling as a passenger to reach their next working assignment
Direkt Uçuş (Direct Flight)
A flight that does not require a change of aircraft, but may include intermediate stops
Elektronik Vize (e-Visa: Electronic Visa)
A visa obtained through an online application before travel
Gökyüzündeki Göz Uçuşu (Eye-in-the-Sky Flight)
A westbound daytime long-haul flight that appears to chase the sun
Ücret Sınıfı (Rezervasyon Kodu) (Fare Class (Booking Code))
A letter code identifying the fare type and conditions of a ticket
Sık Uçan Yolcu Programı (FFP: Frequent Flyer Program)
An airline loyalty program rewarding regular travelers with miles, points, and elite benefits
Jet Gecikmesi (Jet Lag)
Fatigue and disorientation from rapid travel across multiple time zones
Konaklama (Layover)
A short wait between connecting flights, typically under 24 hours
Çok Şehirli Seyahat Programı (Multi-City Itinerary)
A travel itinerary visiting multiple destinations before returning home
Kesintisiz Uçuş (Nonstop Flight)
A flight from origin to destination without any intermediate stops
Tek Yön Bilet (One-Way Ticket)
A ticket for travel in one direction only, without a return flight
Açık Çene (Open Jaw)
An itinerary where the departure city differs from the arrival city on the return trip
Kırmızı Göz Uçuşu (Red-Eye Flight)
An overnight flight departing late at night and arriving early the next morning
Gelir Uçuşu (Revenue Flight)
A flight booked with cash payment as opposed to an award (miles-based) booking
Gidiş-Dönüş (Round Trip)
A journey from an origin to a destination and back to the origin
Mola (Stopover)
A planned break in a journey lasting 24 hours or more at an intermediate point
Transit Vize (Transit Visa)
A visa required for passing through a country's airport while connecting to another destination
Seyahat Sigortası (Travel Insurance)
Insurance coverage for unexpected events during travel including cancellation and medical emergencies
Varışta Vize (VOA: Visa on Arrival)
A visa obtained at the destination airport's immigration counter rather than in advance
Havacılık coğrafyası (20)
İstikamet (Bearing)
The horizontal direction from one point to another, measured in degrees from true north
Kıta Hava Sahası (Continental Airspace)
Airspace over a continent's landmass, typically better served by radar and communications
Koordineli Evrensel Zaman (UTC: Coordinated Universal Time)
The primary time standard for regulating clocks and aviation worldwide (also called Zulu time)
Uçuş Koridoru (Flight Corridor)
A designated airspace pathway commonly used for routing flights between regions
Büyük Çember Mesafesi (GCD: Great Circle Distance)
The shortest distance between two points on Earth, following the curvature of the globe
Yarımküre (Hemisphere)
One half of the Earth divided by the equator (N/S) or Prime Meridian (E/W)
Uluslararası Tarih Çizgisi (IDL: International Date Line)
An imaginary line roughly along the 180° meridian where the calendar date changes
Kanguru Rotası (Kangaroo Route)
The air route between Australia and the United Kingdom, historically via multiple stops in Asia
Deniz mili/saat (knot) (kt: Knot)
A unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, used in aviation and maritime
Enlem (Latitude)
The angular distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees
Boylam (Longitude)
The angular distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, measured in degrees
Manyetik Değişim (Magnetic Variation)
The angular difference between true north and magnetic north at a given location
Deniz Mili (NM: Nautical Mile)
A unit of distance equal to one minute of latitude, approximately 1.852 km
Okyanus Hava Sahası (Oceanic Airspace)
Airspace over oceans where radar coverage is limited, requiring procedural separation
Kutup Rotası (Polar Route)
An air route passing near the North or South Pole, shortening distances between certain cities
Kanun Mili (SM: Statute Mile)
A unit of distance equal to 5,280 feet or approximately 1.609 km
Saat Dilimi (Time Zone)
A geographic region observing a uniform standard time, typically offset from UTC
Transatlantik Rota (Transatlantic Route)
An air route crossing the Atlantic Ocean, connecting Europe/Africa with the Americas
Transpasifik Rota (Transpacific Route)
An air route crossing the Pacific Ocean, connecting Asia/Oceania with the Americas
Yengeç Dönencesi (Tropic of Cancer)
The northernmost latitude (23.5°N) where the sun can be directly overhead