Thuật ngữ hàng không
255255 thuật ngữ trong 12 danh mục
Cơ sở hạ tầng sân bay (25)
Chiếu sáng sân bay (AGL: Airfield Lighting)
The system of lights on runways, taxiways, and aprons that guide aircraft during low visibility
Trạm cứu hỏa sân bay (ARFF: Airport Fire Station)
Airport Rescue and Firefighting facility providing emergency response for aircraft incidents
tạp dề (Apron)
The area of an airport where aircraft are parked, loaded, fueled, and boarded
Hệ thống xử lý hành lý (BHS: Baggage Handling System)
The network of conveyors and sorting equipment that moves luggage within an airport
Hàng rào nổ (Blast Fence)
A barrier designed to redirect jet engine exhaust away from people and structures on the apron
Nhà ga hàng hóa (Cargo Terminal)
A specialized airport facility for handling freight and mail shipments
Sảnh chờ lên máy bay (Concourse)
A section of a terminal containing gates for aircraft boarding and deplaning
Tháp điều khiển (TWR: Control Tower)
The facility at an airport from which air traffic controllers direct aircraft movements
Tấm khử băng (De-Icing Pad)
A designated area where aircraft are treated with de-icing fluid before takeoff in cold weather
Ngưỡng dịch chuyển (Displaced Threshold)
A threshold not located at the beginning of the full-strength runway surface
Toán tử cơ sở cố định (FBO: Fixed-Base Operator)
A commercial business granted the right to operate at an airport providing aeronautical services
Trang trại nhiên liệu (Fuel Farm)
An airport facility that stores and distributes aviation fuel to aircraft
Cổng (Gate)
A designated area at an airport where passengers board and deplane aircraft
Nhà chứa máy bay (Hangar)
An enclosed building structure to hold aircraft for maintenance or storage
Vịnh Giữ (Holding Bay)
A designated area near the runway where aircraft wait before receiving takeoff clearance
Anten định vị ILS (LOC: ILS Localizer Antenna)
A ground-based radio transmitter providing horizontal guidance for precision approaches
Cầu phản lực (Jet Bridge)
An enclosed, movable connector between an airport terminal gate and an aircraft door
PAPI (PAPI)
Precision Approach Path Indicator — a visual aid providing glidepath guidance during approach
Đường băng (RWY: Runway)
A defined rectangular surface on an airport prepared for aircraft takeoff and landing
Khu vực an toàn cuối đường băng (RESA: Runway End Safety Area)
An area beyond the runway end intended to reduce risk of damage to aircraft undershooting or overrunning
Ngưỡng đường băng (Runway Threshold)
The beginning of the usable portion of a runway for landing
Điểm dừng (SWY: Stopway)
An area beyond the takeoff runway designated for decelerating an aircraft during an aborted takeoff
Đường lăn (TWY: Taxiway)
A defined path on an airport for aircraft to travel between runways and aprons
Nhà ga (Terminal)
A building at an airport where passengers transfer between ground and air transportation
Áo gió (Windsock)
A conical textile tube mounted on an airport that indicates wind direction and approximate speed
Mã và phân loại sân bay (18)
Hạng mục sân bay (Airport Category)
The classification system used to categorize airports by size, traffic, and facilities
Độ cao sân bay (ELEV: Airport Elevation)
The highest point of an airport's usable landing area measured above mean sea level
Điểm tham chiếu sân bay (ARP: Airport Reference Point)
The designated geographical center of an airport used for identification and coordination
Mã định danh vị trí FAA (FAA LID: FAA Location Identifier)
A 3-4 character identifier used by the FAA for airports and navigation aids in the US
Thành phố tập trung (Focus City)
An airport where an airline operates significant point-to-point service without full hub operations
Sân bay Hàng không Tổng hợp (GA: General Aviation Airport)
An airport primarily serving non-scheduled and private aircraft operations
sân bay trực thăng (Heliport)
An area of land or a structure used for helicopter takeoff, landing, and parking
Sân bay trung tâm (Hub Airport)
An airport that serves as a transfer point for connecting flights, typically for one or more airlines
Mã IATA (IATA: IATA Code)
A three-letter code assigned by IATA to identify airports worldwide
Mã ICAO (ICAO: ICAO Code)
A four-character alphanumeric code assigned by ICAO for airports and airfields
Sân bay quốc tế (International Airport)
An airport with customs and immigration facilities that handles international flights
Sân bay lớn (Large Airport)
An airport with substantial scheduled airline operations and high passenger volume
Sân bay trung bình (Medium Airport)
An airport with moderate levels of commercial and general aviation activity
Sân bay cứu trợ (Reliever Airport)
An airport designated to reduce congestion at a major commercial airport
Dịch vụ theo lịch trình (Scheduled Service)
Regularly operated commercial flights that run on published timetables
Căn cứ thủy phi cơ (Seaplane Base)
A facility on water for the takeoff, landing, and servicing of seaplanes and amphibious aircraft
Sân bay được kiểm soát theo vị trí (Slot-Controlled Airport)
An airport where takeoff and landing slots are allocated to airlines due to capacity constraints
Sân bay nhỏ (Small Airport)
An airport with limited aviation activity, often serving general aviation
Khai thác chuyến bay (22)
Khối nhiên liệu (Block Fuel)
The total fuel required for a flight from engine start to engine shutdown
Khối thời gian (Block Time)
The total time from gate departure to gate arrival, including taxiing and airborne time
Bay lên (Climb)
The phase of flight where an aircraft gains altitude after takeoff
Hạ cánh gió ngược (Crosswind Landing)
A landing technique used when wind blows perpendicular to the runway direction
Bay bằng (Cruise)
The phase of flight at a relatively constant altitude and speed between climb and descent
Hạ độ cao (Descent)
The phase of flight where an aircraft reduces altitude as it approaches the destination
Chuyển hướng bay (Diversion)
A change in route to land at an airport other than the intended destination
ETOPS (ETOPS)
Extended-range Twin-engine Operations — rules governing how far twin-engine aircraft can fly from airports
Chuyến phà (Ferry Flight)
A non-revenue flight for repositioning an aircraft to another airport
Flare
A pitch-up maneuver performed just before touchdown to reduce descent rate
Kế hoạch bay (FPL: Flight Plan)
A document filed with air traffic control detailing the intended route, altitude, and timing of a flight
Bay vòng lại (Go-Around)
An aborted landing where the aircraft applies full power and climbs away from the runway
Tuyến đường vòng lớn (GCR: Great Circle Route)
The shortest path between two points on the Earth's surface, commonly used in long-haul aviation
Vòng chờ (Holding Pattern)
A racetrack-shaped flight path used to delay an aircraft's approach to an airport
Hạ cánh (Landing)
The final phase of flight where an aircraft descends to the runway surface
Định vị chuyến bay (Positioning Flight)
A flight to move crew or aircraft to a location needed for operational purposes
dòng đại hoàng (Rhumb Line)
A path crossing all meridians at the same angle, appearing straight on a Mercator projection
Xoay (Vr) (Vr: Rotation (Vr))
The speed at which the pilot pulls back on the controls to lift the aircraft's nose during takeoff
Cất cánh (Takeoff)
The phase of flight in which an aircraft accelerates and becomes airborne
Dừng kỹ thuật (Technical Stop)
An intermediate landing for refueling or maintenance rather than passenger purposes
Thời gian quay vòng (Turnaround Time)
The time required to unload, service, and reload an aircraft between arrival and departure
Thời gian lên bánh xe (Wheels-Up Time)
The moment an aircraft lifts off the runway and becomes fully airborne
Trải nghiệm hành khách (22)
Phòng chờ sân bay (Airport Lounge)
A premium waiting area offering comfortable seating, food, drinks, and amenities
Kiểm soát hộ chiếu tự động (APC: Automated Passport Control)
Self-service kiosks that expedite immigration processing for eligible passengers
Yêu cầu hành lý (Baggage Claim)
The area in an airport where arriving passengers collect their checked luggage
lên máy bay (Boarding)
The process of passengers entering the aircraft before departure
Thẻ lên máy bay (Boarding Pass)
A document providing authorization to board an aircraft for a specific flight
Hành lý xách tay (Carry-On Baggage)
Luggage small enough to be stowed in the overhead bin or under the seat
Hành lý ký gửi (Checked Baggage)
Luggage surrendered at check-in to be transported in the aircraft's cargo hold
Đăng ký (Check-In)
The process of confirming a passenger's presence and obtaining a boarding pass
hải quan (Customs)
Government checkpoints where goods brought into a country are inspected and duties assessed
Bị từ chối lên máy bay (Denied Boarding)
When a passenger with a confirmed reservation is not allowed to board due to overbooking
Mua sắm miễn thuế (Duty-Free Shopping)
Retail outlets in international departure areas exempt from local taxes and duties
Nhập cảnh toàn cầu (Global Entry)
A US Customs program for expedited clearance for pre-approved, low-risk travelers
nhập cư (Immigration)
Border control points where passports and visas are checked for international arrivals
Thời gian kết nối tối thiểu (MCT: Minimum Connection Time)
The shortest allowed time between connecting flights at a specific airport
Bán quá mức (Đặt trước quá nhiều) (Oversale (Overbooking))
The airline practice of selling more tickets than available seats to account for no-shows
Bản ghi tên hành khách (PNR: Passenger Name Record)
A record in the airline reservation system containing passenger itinerary and contact information
Thông quan trước (Pre-Clearance)
US customs and immigration processing completed at a foreign airport before departure
Ưu tiên lên máy bay (Priority Boarding)
Early aircraft boarding privilege given to premium class passengers or loyalty program members
Kiểm tra an ninh (Security Screening)
The process of checking passengers and baggage for prohibited items before entering secure areas
Chuyển khoản (Transfer)
Changing from one flight to another at a connecting airport
Quá cảnh (Airside) (Transit (Airside))
Remaining in the secure area of an airport between connecting flights without passing through immigration
Trẻ vị thành niên không có người đi cùng (UM: Unaccompanied Minor)
A child traveling without an adult passenger who receives special airline supervision
Khai thác hãng hàng không (20)
Liên minh hàng không (Airline Alliance)
A partnership of airlines that cooperate on routes, frequent flyer programs, and lounge access
Số km chỗ ngồi có sẵn (ASK: Available Seat Kilometer)
The total passenger capacity of an airline measured in seats multiplied by distance flown
Hãng hàng không thuê chuyến (Charter Airline)
An airline that operates flights booked by travel agencies or tour operators rather than scheduled services
Chia sẻ mã (Codeshare)
An agreement where two or more airlines share the same flight under different flight numbers
Cho thuê khô (Dry Lease)
An aircraft lease providing only the aircraft, without crew or operational support
Hãng hàng không trung chuyển (Feeder Airline)
A regional airline that transports passengers to and from a larger carrier's hub
Hãng vận chuyển cờ (Flag Carrier)
An airline that is designated to represent and carry the flag of its home country
Quyền lợi lịch sử (Grandfather Rights)
The principle allowing airlines to retain airport slots based on historical usage
Mô hình Hub-and-Spoke (Hub-and-Spoke Model)
An airline network model routing most flights through a central hub airport
Thỏa thuận liên tuyến (Interline Agreement)
An agreement allowing passengers to use a single ticket for journeys involving multiple airlines
Hệ số tải (LF: Load Factor)
The percentage of available seats on an aircraft that are filled with passengers
Hãng vận chuyển giá rẻ (LCC: Low-Cost Carrier)
An airline operating with a lower cost structure and offering lower fares than full-service carriers
oneworld
A global airline alliance founded in 1999, members include American Airlines, British Airways, Qantas
Mô hình điểm-điểm (Point-to-Point Model)
An airline network model where flights connect cities directly without routing through a hub
Doanh thu km hành khách (RPK: Revenue Passenger Kilometer)
A measure of airline traffic calculated as passengers carried multiplied by distance flown
Slot (Sân bay Slot) (Slot (Airport Slot))
A scheduled time allocation for an airline to use airport infrastructure for takeoff or landing
Star Alliance
The world's largest airline alliance founded in 1997, members include United, Lufthansa, ANA
Nhà cung cấp dịch vụ chi phí cực thấp (ULCC: Ultra-Low-Cost Carrier)
An airline with the most stripped-down fares, charging separately for nearly all services
Cho thuê ướt (Wet Lease)
An aircraft lease that includes the aircraft, crew, maintenance, and insurance (ACMI)
Năng suất (Yield)
Average revenue per passenger-kilometer, a key airline profitability metric
Máy bay và kỹ thuật (24)
Đơn vị điện phụ trợ (APU: Auxiliary Power Unit)
A small engine on the aircraft that provides electrical power and air conditioning on the ground
Hệ thống điện tử hàng không (Avionics)
The electronic systems used in aircraft including navigation, communication, and flight management
Chảy máu không khí (Bleed Air)
Compressed air extracted from the jet engine compressor used for cabin pressurization and de-icing
Vật liệu tổng hợp (Composite Materials)
Advanced lightweight materials (carbon fiber, fiberglass) used in modern aircraft construction
Empennage (Phần đuôi) (Empennage (Tail Section))
The tail assembly of an aircraft including horizontal stabilizer, vertical fin, and control surfaces
Xếp hạng ETOPS (ETOPS Rating)
The certified maximum time a twin-engine aircraft may fly from a suitable diversion airport
Hệ thống quản lý chuyến bay (FMS: Flight Management System)
A computer system that automates navigation, performance optimization, and flight planning
Bay bằng dây (FBW: Fly-By-Wire)
A system replacing manual flight controls with electronic signals sent to actuators
Thân máy bay (Fuselage)
The main body structure of an aircraft that holds crew, passengers, and cargo
Thiết bị hạ cánh (Landing Gear)
The undercarriage system of wheels, struts, and brakes supporting the aircraft on the ground
Số Mach (M: Mach Number)
The ratio of the aircraft's speed to the speed of sound in the surrounding atmosphere
Trọng lượng cất cánh tối đa (MTOW: Maximum Takeoff Weight)
The maximum weight at which the pilot is allowed to attempt takeoff
Máy bay thân hẹp (Narrow-Body Aircraft)
A single-aisle aircraft typically seating 100-240 passengers for short/medium-haul flights
điều áp (Pressurization)
The process of maintaining a safe atmospheric pressure inside the aircraft cabin at high altitudes
Phạm vi (Máy bay) (Range (Aircraft))
The maximum distance an aircraft can fly without refueling
Máy bay phản lực khu vực (RJ: Regional Jet)
A small jet aircraft typically seating 50-100 passengers for short-haul routes
Trần dịch vụ (Service Ceiling)
The maximum altitude at which an aircraft can sustain a specified rate of climb
Tốc độ dừng (Vs: Stall Speed)
The minimum speed at which an aircraft can maintain level flight
Hệ thống tránh va chạm giao thông (TCAS: Traffic Collision Avoidance System)
An airborne system that detects other transponder-equipped aircraft and provides resolution advisories
Động cơ phản lực cánh quạt (Turbofan Engine)
A jet engine that uses a ducted fan to produce thrust, the most common type on commercial aircraft
Máy bay cánh quạt tuabin (Turboprop)
An aircraft powered by a gas turbine engine driving a propeller, efficient at lower speeds
Động cơ trục turbo (Turboshaft Engine)
A gas turbine engine optimized to produce shaft power, primarily used in helicopters
Máy bay thân rộng (Wide-Body Aircraft)
A twin-aisle aircraft typically seating 200-600 passengers for medium/long-haul flights
Cánh nhỏ (Winglet)
A vertical or angled extension at the tip of an aircraft wing that reduces drag
Thời tiết hàng không (18)
Trần mây (Ceiling)
The height of the lowest layer of clouds covering more than half the sky
Nhiễu loạn không khí trong (CAT: Clear Air Turbulence)
Turbulence occurring in cloudless areas, often near jet streams, invisible to radar
Gió ngang (Crosswind)
A wind blowing perpendicular to the direction of travel or runway alignment
Sương mù (Fog)
Visibility-reducing water droplets suspended near the surface, a major cause of airport delays
Gió ngược (Headwind)
A wind blowing directly opposite to the direction of aircraft travel, reducing ground speed
Đóng băng (Icing)
The accumulation of ice on aircraft surfaces during flight through supercooled water droplets
Dòng phản lực (Jet Stream)
A narrow band of strong winds (100-200 kt) at high altitudes affecting flight times and routing
METAR (METAR)
Aviation Routine Weather Report — a standardized format for reporting current weather conditions
Báo cáo phi công (PIREP: Pilot Report)
An in-flight weather report provided by a pilot describing actual conditions encountered
QNH (QNH)
The atmospheric pressure adjusted to mean sea level, used for altimeter setting
SIGMET (SIGMET)
Significant Meteorological Information — a warning of severe weather hazardous to all aircraft
Gió giật (Tailwind)
A wind blowing in the same direction as the aircraft's travel, increasing ground speed
Dự báo sân bay đầu cuối (TAF: Terminal Aerodrome Forecast)
A weather forecast for the area around an airport, typically covering a 24-30 hour period
Giông bão (Cumulonimbus) (CB: Thunderstorm (Cumulonimbus))
A convective weather system producing lightning, turbulence, hail, and heavy precipitation
nhiễu loạn (Turbulence)
Irregular atmospheric motion causing sudden changes in an aircraft's altitude or attitude
Khả năng hiển thị (VIS: Visibility)
The greatest distance at which prominent objects can be identified with the unaided eye
Đám mây tro núi lửa (Volcanic Ash Cloud)
Fine rock particles from volcanic eruptions that can damage jet engines and aircraft systems
Cắt gió (Wind Shear)
A sudden change in wind speed or direction over a short distance, hazardous during takeoff and landing
An toàn và quy định (22)
Giấy chứng nhận đủ điều kiện bay (Airworthiness Certificate)
An official document certifying that an aircraft meets safety standards and is fit to fly
Chim tấn công (Bird Strike)
A collision between an airborne animal and an aircraft, posing risk to engines and windscreens
Hộp Đen (Máy ghi chuyến bay) (FDR/CVR: Black Box (Flight Recorder))
The flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder that capture flight parameters and audio
Chuyến bay có kiểm soát vào địa hình (CFIT: Controlled Flight Into Terrain)
An accident where an airworthy aircraft is flown into terrain, water, or an obstacle
Quản lý nguồn lực tổ bay (CRM: Crew Resource Management)
Training methodology that improves teamwork, communication, and decision-making among flight crew
Sơ tán khẩn cấp (Emergency Evacuation)
The rapid deployment of passengers from an aircraft via emergency exits and slides
Thoát hiểm khẩn cấp (Emergency Exit)
A specially designed door or window on an aircraft that can be opened quickly for evacuation
GPWS nâng cao (EGPWS: Enhanced GPWS)
An advanced terrain awareness system combining GPS data with a terrain database
Cơ quan An toàn Hàng không Liên minh Châu Âu (EASA: European Union Aviation Safety Agency)
The EU agency responsible for civil aviation safety regulation
Cục Hàng không Liên bang (FAA: Federal Aviation Administration)
The US government agency responsible for regulating civil aviation
Hệ thống chữa cháy (Fire Suppression System)
Aircraft systems designed to detect and extinguish fires in engines, cargo holds, and lavatories
Hệ thống cảnh báo tiệm cận mặt đất (GPWS: Ground Proximity Warning System)
An aircraft system that alerts pilots when the aircraft is in dangerous proximity to terrain
Hiệp hội Vận tải Hàng không Quốc tế (IATA: International Air Transport Association)
The trade association representing airlines worldwide, managing codes and standards
Tổ chức Hàng không Dân dụng Quốc tế (ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization)
The UN specialized agency managing international civil aviation standards and regulations
Áo phao (Life Vest)
A personal flotation device stored under each aircraft seat for use in water emergencies
MAYDAY
The international distress signal indicating grave and imminent danger requiring immediate assistance
Thông báo về các nhiệm vụ trên không (NOTAM: Notice to Air Missions)
A notice filed with aviation authorities to alert pilots of hazards or changes along a flight route
PAN-PAN
The international urgency signal indicating a condition requiring assistance but not immediate danger
Đường băng xâm nhập (Runway Incursion)
Any occurrence involving unauthorized presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on a runway
Hệ thống quản lý an toàn (SMS: Safety Management System)
A systematic approach to managing aviation safety including organizational structures and policies
Cục An ninh Vận tải (TSA: Transportation Security Administration)
The US agency responsible for security of transportation systems, particularly airports
Đánh thức sự hỗn loạn (Wake Turbulence)
Air disturbance caused by an aircraft's wingtip vortices, hazardous to following aircraft
Kiểm soát không lưu (20)
Kiểm soát không lưu (ATC: Air Traffic Control)
The ground-based service that directs aircraft on the ground and in the air to maintain safe separation
Kiểm soát tiếp cận (APP: Approach Control)
The ATC facility responsible for aircraft in the terminal area around an airport
Trung tâm kiểm soát khu vực (ACC: Area Control Center)
The ATC facility responsible for aircraft in en-route airspace between terminal areas
Giám sát phụ thuộc tự động-Phát sóng (ADS-B: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast)
A surveillance technology where aircraft broadcast GPS position and other data
Dịch vụ thông tin đầu cuối tự động (ATIS: Automatic Terminal Information Service)
A continuous broadcast of recorded airport information including weather, runways, and NOTAMs
Huấn lệnh ATC (Clearance)
An authorization from ATC for an aircraft to proceed under specified conditions
Liên kết dữ liệu bộ điều khiển-thí điểm (CPDLC: Controller-Pilot Data Link)
A text-based communication system between pilots and ATC supplementing voice radio
Dải tiến trình chuyến bay (Flight Progress Strip)
A paper or electronic record displaying essential information about an individual flight
Kiểm soát dòng chảy (Flow Control)
ATC measures to regulate the rate of aircraft entering a sector or airport to prevent overload
Kiểm soát mặt đất (GND: Ground Control)
The ATC position responsible for aircraft and vehicles on airport taxiways and ramps
Dừng mặt đất (Ground Stop)
A traffic management procedure halting departures to a specific airport
Chuyển giao (Handoff)
The transfer of radar identification and communication between ATC sectors or facilities
Điều tiết luồng (Metering)
The controlled timing of aircraft to manage arrival flow at busy airports
ra đa (Radar)
Radio detection and ranging technology used to track aircraft positions and weather
Truyền thông vô tuyến (Radio Communication)
Voice communication between pilots and ATC using VHF or HF radio frequencies
SELCAL (SELCAL)
Selective Calling — a system that alerts a specific aircraft that a ground station wants to communicate
Sự tách biệt (Separation)
The minimum required spacing between aircraft to prevent collision
Sắp thứ tự lưu lượng (Sequencing)
The process of arranging arriving aircraft in an orderly line for approach and landing
Tháp điều khiển (TWR: Tower Control)
The ATC position responsible for aircraft on or near the runway and in the immediate airport area
Dẫn đường vector bằng radar (Vectoring)
ATC directing an aircraft to fly specific headings for traffic sequencing or separation
Lập kế hoạch du lịch (22)
Chuyến bay thưởng (Award Flight)
A flight booked using frequent flyer miles or points rather than money
Hạng khoang (Cabin Class)
The service tier on an aircraft: Economy, Premium Economy, Business, or First Class
Chuyến bay nối chuyến (Connecting Flight)
A flight that requires changing aircraft at an intermediate airport
Chặng bay điều vị (deadhead) (Dead-Head)
An airline crew member traveling as a passenger to reach their next working assignment
Chuyến bay trực tiếp (Direct Flight)
A flight that does not require a change of aircraft, but may include intermediate stops
Thị thực điện tử (e-Visa: Electronic Visa)
A visa obtained through an online application before travel
Chuyến bay trên bầu trời (Eye-in-the-Sky Flight)
A westbound daytime long-haul flight that appears to chase the sun
Hạng vé (Mã đặt chỗ) (Fare Class (Booking Code))
A letter code identifying the fare type and conditions of a ticket
Chương trình khách hàng thường xuyên (FFP: Frequent Flyer Program)
An airline loyalty program rewarding regular travelers with miles, points, and elite benefits
Máy bay phản lực trễ (Jet Lag)
Fatigue and disorientation from rapid travel across multiple time zones
quá cảnh (Layover)
A short wait between connecting flights, typically under 24 hours
Hành trình nhiều thành phố (Multi-City Itinerary)
A travel itinerary visiting multiple destinations before returning home
Chuyến bay thẳng (Nonstop Flight)
A flight from origin to destination without any intermediate stops
Vé một chiều (One-Way Ticket)
A ticket for travel in one direction only, without a return flight
Mở hàm (Open Jaw)
An itinerary where the departure city differs from the arrival city on the return trip
Chuyến bay mắt đỏ (Red-Eye Flight)
An overnight flight departing late at night and arriving early the next morning
Chuyến bay doanh thu (Revenue Flight)
A flight booked with cash payment as opposed to an award (miles-based) booking
Chuyến đi khứ hồi (Round Trip)
A journey from an origin to a destination and back to the origin
Điểm dừng (Stopover)
A planned break in a journey lasting 24 hours or more at an intermediate point
Thị thực quá cảnh (Transit Visa)
A visa required for passing through a country's airport while connecting to another destination
Bảo hiểm du lịch (Travel Insurance)
Insurance coverage for unexpected events during travel including cancellation and medical emergencies
Thị thực khi đến (VOA: Visa on Arrival)
A visa obtained at the destination airport's immigration counter rather than in advance
Địa lý hàng không (20)
Phương vị (Bearing)
The horizontal direction from one point to another, measured in degrees from true north
Không phận lục địa (Continental Airspace)
Airspace over a continent's landmass, typically better served by radar and communications
Giờ phối hợp quốc tế (UTC: Coordinated Universal Time)
The primary time standard for regulating clocks and aviation worldwide (also called Zulu time)
Hành lang bay (Flight Corridor)
A designated airspace pathway commonly used for routing flights between regions
Khoảng cách vòng tròn lớn (GCD: Great Circle Distance)
The shortest distance between two points on Earth, following the curvature of the globe
bán cầu (Hemisphere)
One half of the Earth divided by the equator (N/S) or Prime Meridian (E/W)
Dòng ngày quốc tế (IDL: International Date Line)
An imaginary line roughly along the 180° meridian where the calendar date changes
Đường bay Kangaroo (Kangaroo Route)
The air route between Australia and the United Kingdom, historically via multiple stops in Asia
Nút (kt: Knot)
A unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, used in aviation and maritime
Vĩ độ (Latitude)
The angular distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees
Kinh độ (Longitude)
The angular distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, measured in degrees
Biến thiên từ tính (Magnetic Variation)
The angular difference between true north and magnetic north at a given location
Dặm hải lý (NM: Nautical Mile)
A unit of distance equal to one minute of latitude, approximately 1.852 km
Không phận đại dương (Oceanic Airspace)
Airspace over oceans where radar coverage is limited, requiring procedural separation
Tuyến đường cực (Polar Route)
An air route passing near the North or South Pole, shortening distances between certain cities
Dặm quy định (SM: Statute Mile)
A unit of distance equal to 5,280 feet or approximately 1.609 km
Múi giờ (Time Zone)
A geographic region observing a uniform standard time, typically offset from UTC
Tuyến đường xuyên Đại Tây Dương (Transatlantic Route)
An air route crossing the Atlantic Ocean, connecting Europe/Africa with the Americas
Tuyến xuyên Thái Bình Dương (Transpacific Route)
An air route crossing the Pacific Ocean, connecting Asia/Oceania with the Americas
Vùng nhiệt đới ung thư (Tropic of Cancer)
The northernmost latitude (23.5°N) where the sun can be directly overhead